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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="Pus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pus (disambiguation)">Pus (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Pus</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Pus with blood coming out of ring finger</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Infectious_disease_(medical_specialty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious disease (medical specialty)">Infectious disease</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">

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<p><b>Pus</b> is an <a href="Exudate" title="Exudate">exudate</a>, typically white-yellow, yellow, or yellow-brown, formed at the site of <a href="Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammation</a> during infections, regardless of cause.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An accumulation of pus in an enclosed tissue space is known as an <a href="Abscess" title="Abscess">abscess</a>, whereas a visible collection of pus within or beneath the <a href="Epidermis_(skin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidermis (skin)">epidermis</a> is known as a <a href="Pustule" class="mw-redirect" title="Pustule">pustule</a>, <a href="Pimple" title="Pimple">pimple</a> or spot.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div>

<p>Pus consists of a thin, <a href="Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>-rich fluid (historically known as <i>liquor puris</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and dead <a href="Leukocytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Leukocytes">leukocytes</a> (white blood cells) from the body's <a href="Immune_response" title="Immune response">immune response</a> (mostly <a href="Neutrophils" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutrophils">neutrophils</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Barer_2012_pp._168–173_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barer_2012_pp._168–173-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During infection, <a href="T_helper_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="T helper cells">T helper cells</a> release <a href="Cytokine" title="Cytokine">cytokines</a>, which trigger neutrophils to seek the site of infection by <a href="Chemotaxis" title="Chemotaxis">chemotaxis</a>. There, the neutrophils release <a href="Neutrophil_granule" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutrophil granule">granules</a>, which destroy the bacteria. The bacteria resist the immune response by releasing <a href="Toxins" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxins">toxins</a> called <a href="Leukocidin" title="Leukocidin">leukocidins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Biology_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biology-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the neutrophils die off from toxins and old age, they are <a href="Phagocytosis" title="Phagocytosis">destroyed</a> by macrophages, forming the viscous pus. Bacteria that cause pus are called pyogenic.<sup id="cite_ref-Biology_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biology-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Although pus is normally of a whitish-yellow hue, changes in the color can be observed under certain circumstances. Pus is sometimes green because of the presence of <a href="Myeloperoxidase" title="Myeloperoxidase">myeloperoxidase</a>, an intensely green antibacterial protein produced by some types of white blood cells. Green, foul-smelling pus is found in certain infections of <i><a href="Pseudomonas_aeruginosa" title="Pseudomonas aeruginosa">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</a></i>. The greenish color is a result of the bacterial pigment <a href="Pyocyanin" title="Pyocyanin">pyocyanin</a> that it produces. <a href="Amoebic" class="mw-redirect" title="Amoebic">Amoebic</a> abscesses of the <a href="Liver" title="Liver">liver</a> produce brownish pus, which is described as looking like "<a href="Anchovy_paste" title="Anchovy paste">anchovy paste</a>". Pus from anaerobic infections can more often have a foul odor.<sup id="cite_ref-Topazian_2002_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Topazian_2002-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In almost all cases when there is a collection of pus in the body, a clinician will try to create an opening to drain it. This principle has been distilled into the famous <a href="Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> <a href="Aphorism" title="Aphorism">aphorism</a> "<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="Ubi_pus%2C_ibi_evacua" title="Ubi pus, ibi evacua">Ubi pus, ibi evacua</a></i></span>" ("Where there is pus, evacuate it").

</p><p>Some disease processes caused by pyogenic infections are <a href="Impetigo" title="Impetigo">impetigo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Dermatopathology_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dermatopathology-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Osteomyelitis" title="Osteomyelitis">osteomyelitis</a>, <a href="Septic_arthritis" title="Septic arthritis">septic arthritis</a> and <a href="Necrotizing_fasciitis" title="Necrotizing fasciitis">necrotizing fasciitis</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pyogenic_bacteria">Pyogenic bacteria</h2></div>

<p>Many species of bacteria may be involved in the production of pus. The most commonly found include:<sup id="cite_ref-manual-of-surgery_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manual-of-surgery-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><i><a href="Staphylococcus_aureus" title="Staphylococcus aureus">Staphylococcus aureus</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Staphylococcus_epidermidis" title="Staphylococcus epidermidis">Staphylococcus epidermidis</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Streptococcus_pyogenes" title="Streptococcus pyogenes">Streptococcus pyogenes</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i> (Bacillus coli communis)</li>

<li><i><a href="Streptococcus_pneumoniae" title="Streptococcus pneumoniae">Streptococcus pneumoniae</a></i> (<a href="Albert_Fraenkel" title="Albert Fraenkel">Fraenkel's</a> pneumococcus)</li>

<li><i><a href="Klebsiella_pneumoniae" title="Klebsiella pneumoniae">Klebsiella pneumoniae</a></i> (<a href="Carl_Friedl%C3%A4nder" title="Carl Friedländer">Friedländer's</a> bacillus)</li>

<li><i><a href="Salmonella_typhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Salmonella typhi">Salmonella typhi</a></i> (Bacillus typhosus)</li>

<li><i><a href="Pseudomonas_aeruginosa" title="Pseudomonas aeruginosa">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Neisseria_gonorrhoeae" title="Neisseria gonorrhoeae">Neisseria gonorrhoeae</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Actinomyces" title="Actinomyces">Actinomyces</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Burkholderia_mallei" title="Burkholderia mallei">Burkholderia mallei</a></i> (Glanders bacillus)</li>

<li><i><a href="Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</a></i> (tubercle bacillus)</li></ul>

<p>Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is the most common cause of <a href="Boil" title="Boil">boils</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_terminology">Historical terminology</h2></div>

<p>

In the pre-<a href="Asepsis" title="Asepsis">asepsis</a> era, surgeon <a href="Sir_Frederick_Treves%2C_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Frederick Treves, 1st Baronet">Frederick Treves</a> (1853–1923) wrote,

"Practically all major wounds <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suppurate#Verb" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:suppurate">suppurated</a>. Pus was the most common subject of converse [among surgeons], because it was the most prominent feature in the surgeon's work. It was classified according to degrees of vileness." <sup id="cite_ref-nuland_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nuland-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 347">: 347 </span></sup>

But pus of the right kind was considered desirable.<sup id="cite_ref-vanhoosen_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanhoosen-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 80">: 80 </span></sup>

"If a patient was lucky<span class="nowrap"> </span>... a thick cream-colored odorless fluid would appear within five or six days";

such "laudable" pus was considered "a sure sign that the wound would heal" <sup id="cite_ref-nuland_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nuland-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 344">: 344 </span></sup>

because it meant "Nature has put up a bold fight against the invader".<sup id="cite_ref-scott_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scott-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

"On the other hand, if the pus gradually became watery, blood tinged and foul smelling, it was designated 'sanious' <sup id="cite_ref-schneider_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schneider-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

[or 'ill-conditioned' ] <sup id="cite_ref-williams_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

and the wound condition was considered unfavorable".<sup id="cite_ref-schneider_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schneider-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

It later came to be understood that "laudable" pus generally implied an invasion of relatively benign <a href="Staphylococcus" title="Staphylococcus">staphylococcus</a>, while "ill-conditioned" pus usually meant the more dangerous <a href="Streptococcus" title="Streptococcus">streptococcus</a> was present.<sup id="cite_ref-nuland_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nuland-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 345">: 345 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-schneider_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schneider-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 247">: 247 </span></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Pyoderma" title="Pyoderma">Pyoderma</a></li>

<li><a href="Serous_fluid" title="Serous fluid">Serous fluid</a></li>

<li><a href="Carbuncle" title="Carbuncle">Carbuncle</a></li>

<li><a href="Phlegmon" title="Phlegmon">Phlegmon</a></li>

<li><a href="Empyema" title="Empyema">Empyema</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Pus">"Pus"</a>. <i>dictionary.reference.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-08-18</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/249182.php">"Pus – What Is Pus?"</a>. <i>medicalnewstoday.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-08-19</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KD1HAAAAYAAJ&q=%22liquor+puris%22"><i>British Medical Journal</i></a>. British Medical Association. 1917. pp. <span class="nowrap">751–</span>754.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSociety1846" class="citation book cs1">Society, Louisiana State Medical (1846). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6LA1AQAAMAAJ&q=%22liquor+puris%22&pg=PA251"><i>Journal</i></a>. p. 251.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Barer_2012_pp._168–173-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barer_2012_pp._168–173_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBarer2012" class="citation book cs1">Barer, M.R. (2012). "The natural history of infection". <i>Medical Microbiology</i>. Elsevier. pp. <span class="nowrap">168–</span>173. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-7020-4089-4.00029-9">10.1016/b978-0-7020-4089-4.00029-9</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7020-4089-4</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Biology-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Biology_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biology_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Madigan, Michael T. and Martin, John M. Brock Biology of Microorganisms 11th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall. US. 2006: 734</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090628224336/http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/seven/000088920.htm">"pyogenic"</a> at <i><a href="Dorland's_medical_reference_works" title="Dorland's medical reference works">Dorland's Medical Dictionary</a></i></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Topazian_2002-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Topazian_2002_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTopazianGoldbergHupp2002" class="citation book cs1">Topazian RG, Goldberg MH, Hupp JR (2002). <i>Oral and maxillofacial infections</i> (4 ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0721692715</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Dermatopathology-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dermatopathology_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cs2">"Infections Caused by Common Pyogenic Bacteria", <i>Dermatopathology</i>, Berlin Heidelberg: Springer, 2006, pp. <span class="nowrap">83–</span>85, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F3-540-30244-1_12">10.1007/3-540-30244-1_12</a></span>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-540-30245-2</bdi></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-manual-of-surgery-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-manual-of-surgery_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFThompsonMiles1921" class="citation web cs1">Thompson, Alexis; Miles, Alexander (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manual-of-surgery.com/content/0013-Pyogenic-Bacteria.html">"Pyogenic Bacteria"</a>. <i>Manual of Surgery</i> (6th ed.). Oxford Medical Publications. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/335390813">335390813</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-nuland-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nuland_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nuland_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nuland_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNuland2011" class="citation book cs1">Nuland, Sherwin B. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hVePdRGsX2sC"><i>Doctors: The Biography of Medicine</i></a>. Knopf Doubleday. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-307-80789-2</bdi>.</cite> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"></a></span></span> </span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-vanhoosen-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vanhoosen_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Hoosen1947" class="citation journal cs1">Van Hoosen, Bertha (Autumn 1947). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qhNYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA80">"A Woman's Medical Training in the Eighties"</a>. <i>Quarterly Review of the Michigan Alumnus: A Journal of University Perspectives</i>. University of Michigan Libraries: <span class="nowrap">77–</span>81. UOM:39015006945235.</cite> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"></a></span></span> </span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-scott-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-scott_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFScott1922" class="citation book cs1">Scott, William (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s5FIAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA603"><i>An indexed system of veterinary treatment</i></a>. Chicago: Eger. p. 603.</cite> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"></a></span></span> </span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-schneider-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schneider_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schneider_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schneider_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSchneider1920" class="citation book cs1">Schneider, Albert (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924000233829"><i>Pharmaceutical bacteriology</i></a> (2nd ed.). P. Blakiston. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924000233829/page/n260">247</a>.</cite> </span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-williams-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-williams_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1848" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Charles J. B. (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mfcGAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA306"><i>Principles of Medicine: Comprising General Pathology and Therapeutics, and a Brief General View of Etiology, Nosology, Semeiology, Diagnosis, and Prognosis: With Additions and Notes by Meredith Clymer</i></a>. Churchill. p. 306.</cite> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"></a></span></span> </span>

</li>

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